I. Introduction The decision numbered 2023/1 E., 2025/3 K. (“Decision”) of the Council on the Unification of Judgments of the Court of Cassation (“Council”) was published in the Official Gazette dated 12 September 2025 and numbered 33015. I…
I. Introduction The Artificial Intelligence Act (“Act”), the first comprehensive legal framework on artificial intelligence prepared by the European Union (“EU”), was adopted by the European Parliament on 13 March 2024 and officially appro…
I. Introduction As of 2025, significant legislative amendments have been introduced in the field of electronic commerce, reshaping both the obligations of service providers and the rights of consumers. Through the amendments made to the Reg…
I. Introduction The Decision of the Council of Unification of Case Law of the Council of State, numbered 2021/5 E. and 2024/2 K. (the “Decision”), was published in the Official Gazette dated April 16, 2025, and numbered 32872. In this Decis…
The Expert Witness Minimum Fee Tariff, Mediation Minimum Fee Tariff, and Sales Expenses Tariff were published in the Official Gazette dated December 25, 2024, and numbered 32763, to become effective as of the first day of 2025. Below, you c…
I. Introduction The Law on Amending the Consumer Protection Law and Certain Other Laws ("Amendment Law") was published in the Official Gazette dated October 30, 2024, and numbered 32707. Alongside changes to several other laws, the Amendmen…
The Turkish Code of Civil Procedure Witness Fee Tariff (“Tariff”), that entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 23.10.2024 numbered 32701, introduced amendments to the amount of fees to be paid to witnesses in…
The Turkish Code of Civil Procedure Expense Advance Tariff (“Tariff”), that entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 23.10.2024 numbered 32701, introduced amendments to the amount of the expense advances to be…